Effector category
Care models & care coordination
Cognitive training & rehabilitation
Devices & wearables
Diet patterns & eating schedules
Digital health & interactive tech
Education & behavior change
Environment & home modifications
Exercise & physical training
Foods & beverages
Medications & biologics
Nutrition support & meal services
Procedures & stimulation therapies
Psychosocial & mental health
Rehabilitation & therapy
Screening & assessment
Sleep & circadian
Social & community
Supplements & nutraceuticals
Vaccines
Endpoint category
Longevity / Survival
Clinical events and diagnoses
Cognition and neuropsychological performance
Disability, ADL/IADL, institutionalization
Frailty and geriatric syndromes
Patient-reported outcomes and wellbeing
Physical function and performance
Imaging and neuro/structural measures
Physiology and clinical risk factors
Biological age and aging clocks
Molecular biomarkers and immune function
Hallmark
Genomic instability
Telomere attrition
Epigenetic alterations
Loss of proteostasis
Disabled macroautophagy
Deregulated nutrient sensing
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Cellular senescence
Stem cell exhaustion
Altered intercellular communication
Chronic inflammation
Dysbiosis
Supporting studies
At least 2
At least 3
Age group
Younger or midlife
Older adults
Mixed
Not indicated
Gender
Male
Female
Mixed
Not indicated
Study type
Interventional
Observational
Effect type
Benefit
Harm
Effect size
Large
Medium
Small
Not indicated
Intervention/Exposure (793)
2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP)
5-aminolevulinic acid + sodium ferrous citrate
5-hydroxytryptophan
A Matter of Balance balance program
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Active aging cognitive behavioral intervention
Active aging health promotion education
Active learning health education
Activity tracker
Adequate-protein diet
Adherence to French nutritional recommendations
Adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity recommendations
Adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine
Adult spinal deformity surgery
Aerobic endurance training
Ageism-focused video viewing
AgeWell Center facility access
Agility training
AgingPLUS behavioral program
Air pollution (Air Quality Index)
Alagebrium (ALT-711)
Alcohol consumption
Alcohol use disorder
Alcohol-related loss of consciousness (passing out)
Allopurinol
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
Alphacalcidol
Alpine ski training
Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 adherence
AM3 (oral immunomodulator)
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure
Ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure
American Cancer Society cancer prevention guideline adherence
Amino acid mixture
Anaerobic exercise
Angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensive drugs
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Ankle plantar flexor fatiguing exercise
Anserine + carnosine
Anthocyanin-rich black rice
Anthocyanins
Anticholinergic medication use
Antidepressant medication (unspecified)
Antiepileptic drugs
Antiherpetic medication use
Antihypertensive medications
Antioxidant-rich foods diet
Antipsychotic medication use
Antiretroviral therapy
Apoaequorin (Prevagen)
Apomorphine
Aquatic (water-based) exercise
Arabinoxylan
Arsenic in PM2.5
Art activities
Artificially sweetened beverage consumption
Aspirin
Assistive devices
Astragalus-based supplement
Atrial fibrillation ablation
Attention training
Aureobasidium pullulans-derived beta-glucan
Autologous packed red cell transfusion
Bacopa + lycopene + astaxanthin + vitamin B12
Bacopa monnieri extract
Baduanjin qigong
Balance and gait training
Balance and strength training
Balance training
Bed rest
Behavior change education
Behavioral activation therapy
Benzodiazepine use
Beta-alanine
Beta-blockers
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB)
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) + arginine + glutamine supplement
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate + L-arginine + L-lysine
BEZ235 + RAD001
Bifidobacterium bifidum + Lactobacillus acidophilus
Bifidobacterium longum BB68S
Bilingualism
Binge drinking
Biobran (MGN-3)
Bisphosphonates
Blackcurrant extract
Bladder antimuscarinics
Blood flow restriction training
Blood transfusion dose
Blue-enriched white light therapy
Blueberries
Blueberry extract
Boiled chicken meat
Bone lead (patella)
Bone lead (tibia)
Borago officinalis + Nigella sativa topical emulsion
Boswellia serrata + Terminalia chebula extract blend
Boswellia serrata extract + Melissa officinalis extract
Brain-computer interface neurofeedback training
Breastfeeding duration
Breathing exercises
Brisk walking
Broad-spectrum sunscreen
Burdock (Arctium lappa) fruit extract
Caffeine
Calcitriol
Calcium
Calcium + cholecalciferol supplement
Calcium antagonists (calcium channel blockers)
Calcium in PM2.5
Calcium intake
Calcium supplementation
Calcium- and magnesium-rich mineral water
Calisthenic exercise
Calorie restriction
Cannabis use
CAPABLE program (Community Aging in Place: Advancing Better Living for Elders)
Carbenoxolone
Carotenoid supplement
Carvedilol
Casein protein
Cash transfer
Cel System nutraceutical range
Centella asiatica extract
Chemotherapy
Chess training
Childhood infectious disease epidemic exposure
Chlorella
Chlorogenic acids
Choline (egg yolk and protein powder)
Cigarette smoking and low physical activity
Cigarette smoking status
Citicoline
Citrulline
Cloistered/monastic religious lifestyle
Cocaine use history
Cochlear implantation
Cocoa flavanols
Coconut sap powder
Coenzyme Q10
Coffee consumption
Coffee pulp extract drink
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
Cognitive leisure activities
Cognitive stimulation and training
Cognitive training
Cold air exposure
Collagen + hyaluronic acid complex
Collagen complex (with joint support)
Combined aerobic + resistance training
Combined estrogen + progesterone hormone replacement therapy
Combined oral and physical exercise program
Combined strength, endurance, and balance exercise
Community paramedicine health promotion program (CP@clinic)
Community- and home-based exercise program
Community-based resistance training
COMPASS Total Worker Health intervention
Competitive table tennis practice
Complement C4A (C4A) targeted therapy
Compliant flooring
Compound Tong Jiang Oral Liquid + Da Huang
Computerized memory training
Conjugated estrogens
Conjugated estrogens + medroxyprogesterone acetate
Cooking-based procedural training
Coordination training
Copper in PM2.5
Core and balance exercises
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG)
Corticosteroid medication use
COVID-19 infection
Cranberry beverage
Crassocephalum rabens extract
Creatine + guarana topical formulation
Creatine monohydrate
Cryptomphalus aspersa secretion (SCA) topical product
Cumulative cigarette smoking (pack-years)
Cumulative life adversity
Curcumin
Curly kale carotenoid extract
Cycling exercise
Cysteine + glycine
Daily step count
Dairy foods
Dance
Decision-support tool
Deferoxamine (desferrioxamine)
Dehydration
Deprescribing (medication reduction)
DHEA
Diet (unspecified)
Diet targeting omega-6/omega-3 ratio
Dietary acid-base load
Dietary fiber intake
Dietary habit improvement
Dietary inflammatory index
Dietary live microbe intake
Dietary magnesium intake
Dietary modification
Dietary potassium intake
Dietary self-monitoring logs
Dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio
Dietary total antioxidant capacity
Digital cognitive training system
Digital dance game training
Digital support platform (unspecified)
Diphenhydramine
Diuretics (class)
Docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid + Ginkgo biloba + phosphatidylserine + vitamin E + folic acid + vitamin B12
Docosahexaenoic acid intake
Docosapentaenoic acid
Dog-assisted intervention
Donepezil
Dopaminergic medication
Driving a car
Driving simulator training
Dual-task cognitive training
Dual-task exercise
Dydrogesterone
Early mobilization
Early-life adversity
EAT-Lancet reference diet adherence
Eccentric training
Economic downturn exposure
Electrical stimulation (wearable)
EMF-insulated bed system
Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS)
Energy-dense meals
Equol
Estradiol
Estradiol + micronized progesterone (combined hormone replacement therapy)
Estradiol + norethisterone acetate (combined hormone replacement therapy)
Estrogen therapy
Etidronate
Exercise intensity
Exercise training status
Exergaming
Exposure to potentially inappropriate medications (Beers Criteria)
Expressive writing (written emotional disclosure)
External hip protector
Extra-virgin olive oil
Extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure
Fall prevention education program
Fall risk-increasing drug use
Falls Management Exercise (FaME) programme
Falls prevention exercise classes
Falls risk factor assessment and modification
Falls risk screening
FallSafe (multifactorial falls risk assessment and prevention bundle)
Family relationship and resilience skills training
Fasting
Fasting and calorie restriction
Fasting-mimicking diet
Fatty fish intake
Feldenkrais exercises
Fermented honeybush extract
Fermented Laminaria japonica
Fermented papaya preparation
Fermented soy powder
Fish consumption
Fish oil consumption
Flavanol cocoa beverage
Flavonol intake
Flexibility training
Floorball training
Fluvastatin + valsartan
Flywheel resistance training
Folate (vitamin B9)
Folate intake
Folic acid
Food insecurity
Foot and ankle exercises
Foot and toenail care
Foot orthoses
Football (soccer)
Footwear provision
Formal volunteering
Fortetropin
Fortified milk
Frailty screening using electronic medical record data
Freeze-dried strawberry
Freeze-dried wild blueberry powder
Frequency of participation in cognitively stimulating activities
Fruit and vegetable intake
Fruit intake
Fucus vesiculosus extract
Functional Fitness for Long-Term Care exercise program
Functional training
Furosemide
Gamma-linolenic acid
Ganoderma lucidum dry extract
Gantenerumab
Garcinia mangostana extract + Cinnamomum tamala extract
Gardenia jasminoides extract
Garlic
Geriatric assessment
GHRP-6 (growth hormone-releasing peptide-6)
Ginkgo biloba extract
Ginsenoside Rg1
Glipizide
Glutathione
Glycemic index
Goal setting and self-monitoring
Golf training
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists
Grain farming
Green exercise (nature-based outdoor exercise)
Green Mediterranean diet
Green tea consumption
Ground-reaction force weight-bearing exercise
Group cognitive behavioral therapy
Group psychotherapy
Group singing
Group-based exercise classes
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (1-29)
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (1-44) (recombinant human)
Guide to Action for Care Homes fall prevention program
Gym exercise
Gymnastics
Handgrip training
Health Enhancement Program
Healthy diet
Healthy habits and adherence counseling
Healthy lifestyle index
Hearing aids
Heat stress (heat exposure)
Heel-lift insoles
Herpes zoster vaccine
Hesperidin + diosmin + proanthocyanidins supplement
High dietary calcium intake
High unsaturated fatty acid diet
High-altitude residence
High-carbohydrate diet
High-dose inactivated influenza vaccine
High-fiber low-saturated-fat diet
High-intensity exercise
High-intensity interval training
High-intensity resistance training
High-protein diet
High-protein high-unsaturated-fat high-fiber diet (NutriAct pattern)
High-sodium diet
Hip flexor stretching
Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists
Home computer and internet use
Home hazards modification (HOMEFAST)
Home Independence Program
Home repairs and home modifications
Home safety consultation
Home-based exercise program
Home-based resistance (strength) training
Horticultural therapy
Hospital-treated infectious disease
Hospitalisation
Household and transportation physical activity
Household cooking and heating fuel type
Hydrocortisone
Hydrolyzed collagen (collagen peptides)
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Hypnotic suggestion to increase sleep depth
Iberian cured-ham
ICT device (unspecified)
Implant-supported fixed prostheses
Indoor temperature
Influenza vaccination
Injection drug use history
Innovations in Dementia Empowerment and Action (IDEA)
Inorganic nitrate (beetroot powder)
Inspiratory muscle training
Insulin
Intergenerational mentoring
Intermittent dynamic plantarflexor exercise
Intermittent hypoxic conditioning
Interprofessional team care plan
Interval walking
Intervention adherence
Intimate partner psychological violence (emotional abuse)
Intravenous immunoglobulin
IoT ergometer system
Isokinetic resistance training
Japanese diet pattern
Juice consumption
Karaoke training
Kefir-derived postbiotics (Lentilactobacillus kefiri DH5-derived)
Knee extension and leg press resistance training
Kneipp therapy care
Korean red ginseng
L-arginine
L-carnitine (levocarnitine)
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23 (heat-treated)
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9
Lacto-Wolfberry (milk-based wolfberry formulation)
Lactobacillus casei DN-114001
Lactobacillus casei Shirota probiotic
Lactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT5711
Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315/7316 probiotic
Lactotripeptide
Lean red meat
Leg exercise
Leg press and calf press resistance training
Lemon myrtle leaf extract
Leucine
Leucine-enriched protein + vitamin D + calcium supplement
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Levothyroxine (thyroxine; T4)
Lifestyle modification (unspecified)
Light exposure scheduling
Light-intensity physical activity
Limb immobilization
Lipid-lowering agents
Lisinopril
Lithium concentration in tap water
Live online exercise program
Local heat therapy
Localized low-level electrical noise stimulation
Loneliness
Long-acting benzodiazepines
Loop diuretics
Low- and no-calorie sweetener consumption
Low-fat diet
Low-intensity exercise
Lower limb power rehabilitation device (LLPR)
Magnesium
Maintaining normal blood pressure
Matcha green tea powder
Meal timing schedule
Meat consumption
Mecamylamine
Medication review
Mediterranean diet
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Meeting Centres Support program (integrated family support)
Melatonin
Melatonin + vitamin E + beta-glucan + chitin nanocrystals supplement
Memantine
Memory and visual-motor integration program
Memory specificity training
Memory strategy training
Menaquinone-7
Meso-zeaxanthin + lutein + zeaxanthin
Metformin
Methamphetamine dependence
Methylphenidate
Midlife-to-late-life physical activity pattern
Milk
Milk fat globule membrane
Milk protein
Milk protein + milk fat globule membrane
MIND diet
Mindfulness / meditation
Mini-trampoline aerobic exercise
Minimally processed low-ultra-processed food diet
Misoprostol
MitoQ
Mixed berry beverage
Mixed nuts (walnut + pistachio + cashew + hazelnut)
Mobility training
Moclobemide
Moderate-intensity exercise
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Monounsaturated fat intake
Motor imagery (mental practice)
Multidimensional health risk assessment questionnaire
Multidisciplinary deprescribing
Multimodal exercise program
Multisensory exercise
Multitarget stepping training
Multivitamin / multimineral
Muscle power training
Muscle relaxants
Music and movement therapy
Music listening
Music therapy
Music-based multitask exercise (eurhythmics)
Musical instrument playing
Musical training duration
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diet
Naloxone
Naproxen (naproxen sodium)
Nature-based group intervention
Neuro-exergame (iPACES)
Neurofeedback training
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA)
Nicotinic acid
Nijmegen Falls Prevention Program
Nitrate-rich salad
Noise exposure
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Nordic (pole) walking
Novel formulated food (elderly)
Nucleotide supplement
Nut consumption
Nutrition counseling
Obstacle stepping
Occupational noise exposure
Occupational physical activity
Oleocanthal + oleacein topical serum
Olfactory training
Olive oil consumption
Omega-3 + vitamin D + protein supplement
Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids + folic acid + vitamin B12 + vitamin D3 supplement
Oophorectomy
Opioid medications
Oral anticoagulants
Oral antidiabetic drug use
Oral antioxidants (unspecified)
Oral care
Oral exercises
Oral hygiene status
Oral nutritional supplements
Orange juice (high-flavanone)
Orange juice consumption
Organic solvent exposure
Orienteering
OS-01 (Peptide 14)
Oseltamivir
Otago exercise program
Oxandrolone
Oxybutynin
P-hydroxycinnamic acid + niacinamide
Partially hydrolyzed guar gum
Participatory art workshop
Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila HB05
Peer support
Peer-led walking groups
Pentifylline + nicotinic acid
Perceived age discrimination
Perceived ambient light dimness
Perilla seed oil
Peripheral remodeling through intermittent muscular exercise (PRIME)
Personalized alcohol risk assessment
Personalized exercise program
Phaeodactylum tricornutum supplement (whole + supernatant)
Phosphatidylcholine intake
Photobiomodulation therapy
Physical activity diary (activity log)
Physical activity feedback
Physical activity fitness app
Physical activity frequency
Physical activity promotion website
Physical activity, exercise (general)
Physical restraint removal
Phytonutrients
Piano training
Picture viewing (nondirected)
Pilates
Pioglitazone
Plant-based diet
Plasmalogen + elastin
Plyometric exercise
Pole vaulting
Polypharmacy care
Polyphenol supplement
Polypill (two antihypertensives + statin + aspirin)
Polyunsaturated fat intake
Pomegranate extract
Pomegranate juice
Pomegranate rind extract + cocoa seed extract
Ponkan powder (nobiletin-rich)
Porcine liver decomposition product
Positive aging stereotype reinforcement
Post-training sleep
Postural training
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Povidone-iodine oral swabbing
Prebiotic fibers (inulin & fructooligosaccharides)
Preventive care adherence program
Preventive home visits (public health nurses)
Probiotics
Procaine + haematoporphyrin
Product (nutraceutical, ingredients unspecified)
Professional dental care
Progressive muscle relaxation
Progressive resistance training (foot muscles)
Propolis
Proprioceptive training
Prospective monitoring tool
Protease inhibitors
Protein + vitamins + minerals supplement
Protein intake
Protein pulse-feeding pattern
Protein shake
Protein supplementation
Protein-enriched soup
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
Psychological resilience
Psychological stress
Psychotherapy
Psychotropic medication (unspecified)
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF)
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
Qigong
Quercetin + rutin + genistein
RAAS inhibitors (class)
Radiation exposure
Raloxifene
Rapamycin / rapalogs
Reactive stepping (induced step) training
Reasoning training
Recombinant human growth hormone
Recurrent concussion history
Red wine consumption
Reduced-carbohydrate diet
Rehabilitation robot
Relaxation guidance
Reminiscence therapy
Remote patient management
Remote social conversations (video/phone calls)
Repeated-slip perturbation training
Residential area: urban vs suburban
Residential segregation
Resilience skills training
Resistance + balance training (including jumping)
Resistance training
Resveratrol
Retinol
Retinol + beta-carotene + vitamin E + vitamin C + selenium
Rhythmic auditory stimulation
Ricotta cheese
Risperidone
RISTOMED web-based personalized diet advice
Road rules refresher course
Robotic perturbation stationary bicycle (ergometer)
Robotic pet
Rose hip powder
RTB101
Safe-falling strategy training
Salbutamol (albuterol)
Salbutamol + ipratropium bromide (combination bronchodilator)
Salt substitute (sodium chloride + potassium chloride)
Salutogenic Healthy Ageing Programme Embracement (SHAPE)
Saturated fat intake
Scopolamine
Screen time
Seated (chair-based) exercise
Sedentary behavior
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Selenium (L-selenomethionine)
Selenium + coenzyme Q10
Self-management education program (SELF program)
Self-reflection
Sensor-based exergame system
Sensory-stimulating foot orthoses
Sex hormone replacement therapy
Sexual activity
Shift work history
Shopping
Short foot exercise
Short-acting benzodiazepines
Silicon-enriched spirulina
Skin-roasted peanuts
Sleep duration
Sleep guidance
Sleep quality
Sleep restriction
Slip-resistant footwear
Social and cognitive activity
Social engagement
Social isolation
Social support
Sodium butyrate
Sodium intake
Sodium nitrite
Soy isoflavones
Soy nuts
Soy protein
Speed of processing training
Spirulina maxima ethanol extract
Sprint training
Squalene
Square-step training
Stair climbing training
Statins
Step aerobics (bench-step)
Stepping reaction time task
Stick-assisted exercises
Stimulus control therapy (for insomnia)
Stress management activities
Sugar intake
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption
Sulfurous mineral water
Sun exposure
Supervised center-based exercise
Supervised exercise training
Surgery under general anesthesia
Surrounding greenness (neighborhood green space)
Swimming
Swine confinement work
Synbiotic blend
TA-65 (telomerase activator)
Taekwondo training
Tai chi
Tailored Activity Program (occupational therapy)
Tailored driving lessons
Targeted medical nutrition supplement
Targeted muscle vibration therapy
Tea catechins
Tea consumption
Team handball
Team sports or resistance training
Telemedicine fall-prevention program
Telemonitoring system
Telephone health coaching
Telephone reminders for exercise adherence
Temocapril
Testosterone therapy
Texture-modified meals
Therapeutic plasma exchange (plasmapheresis)
Thiazide diuretics
Thick soft midsole shoes
Thymostimulin (bovine thymic extract)
Time spent in physical activity
Time-restricted eating
Tinetti balance score
Tobacco smoking
Tomato juice
Toothbrushing oral care
Total fat and cholesterol intake
Total hip arthroplasty
Total polyphenol intake
Training without visual feedback
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation
Transdermal testosterone gel
Traumatic brain injury
Treadmill perturbation training
Treadmill training
Triathlon type (road-based vs off-road)
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Trihexyphenidyl (benzhexol)
Triple peptide complex
Tropical cyclone and flood exposure
Trunk (core) strengthening and motor control exercises
Ultraprocessed food consumption
Unstable shoes (rocker/toning footwear)
Urolithin A
Valsartan
Vascular risk management
Vascular risk monitoring
Vasodilators
Vasopressin
Vegan diet
Vegetable fat intake
Vegetable intake
Venerinase + B-group vitamins + zinc + magnesium supplement
Verapamil
Video-based exercise program
Virtual psychoeducation program (tele-psychoeducation)
Virtual reality sessions
Vision intervention
Visual biofeedback
Visual computer games
Vital Aging program
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 + folate
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C
Vitamin C + beta-carotene + vitamin E + selenium + zinc
Vitamin C + vitamin E + alpha-lipoic acid
Vitamin D
Vitamin D intake
Vitamin D3
Vitamin D3 + leucine-enriched whey protein
Vitamin E
Vitamin E + vitamin B12 + folic acid + Lactobacillus paracasei + fructo-oligosaccharides supplement
Vitamin E + vitamin C supplementation and NSAID use
Vitamin E + vitamin C supplementation and/or multivitamin use
Vitamin K
Vitamin K antagonists (warfarin)
Vocal function exercises
Voice-activated device application
Walking program
Wartime combat exposure
Weight-management diet
Western dietary pattern
Whey protein
Whey protein + leucine supplement
Whey protein + vitamin D
Whole grain intake
Whole-body vibration training
Whole-system physical activity program (ARCH)
Wish-Outcome-Obstacle-Plan (WOOP)
Work hours
Working memory training
Workplace flexibility and supervisor support program
Wu Xing Ping Heng Gong qigong
Yoga
Yogurt (fermented milk with yogurt cultures)
Β-nicotinamide mononucleotide
Outcome (769)
1-mile walk time
10-year cardiovascular risk (Framingham)
2-minute step test
25-hydroxyvitamin D (plasma)
30-second arm curl test
30-second sit-to-stand test
4,977 bp-deleted mitochondrial DNA
400 m walk time
6-meter walk time
6-minute walk distance
8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG)
8-oxo-dG
Abdominal adipose tissue
Acceptance of one's own ageing
Activities of daily living completion time
Activity avoidance
Acute kidney injury
ADL disability
ADL function
Advanced age-related macular degeneration incidence
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)
Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)
Age-related cognitive decline
Age-related macular degeneration incidence
Age-related physiological decline
Agility
Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) score
Agitation symptoms
Alexithymia
All-cause mortality
Alveolar bone loss progression
Alzheimer's disease (diagnosis)
Alzheimer's disease risk score
Amyloid beta
Anaerobic threshold
Analgesic consumption
Ankle dorsiflexion strength
Ankle fracture
Ankle strength
Annual rate of decline in forced expiratory flow
Antiviral gene expression
Anxiety symptoms
Aortic augmentation pressure
Apolipoprotein A-1
Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index
Arterial elastance
Arterial stiffness
Arthritis
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Attention and everyday memory
Attention and mental flexibility
Attentional and inhibitory control
Autonomy (quality of life domain)
Back and leg strength
Balance and gait function
Balance failure frequency
Balance impairment
Balance score
Balance self-efficacy
Balance, gait, and lower-limb strength
Baroreflex sensitivity
Basal metabolic rate
Bathing ability
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) count
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) severity
Berg Balance Scale
Bilateral gastrocnemius symmetry ratio
Biological age
Biological age acceleration
Bite force
Blood omega-6 fatty acids
Blood pressure
Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine
Blood vessel count
Bodily pain
Body mass index
Body weight
Bone mineral content and bone mineral density
Bone mineral density
Bone ultrasound speed of sound (SOS)
Bowel movement frequency (defecation interval)
Brachial artery intima-media thickness
Brain amyloid and tau burden (FDDNP-PET binding)
Brain amyloid deposition (Pittsburgh compound B PET)
Brain tau deposition
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
C-reactive protein
C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) to procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) ratio
C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX)
Calf circumference
Cancer (diagnosis)
Carbon dioxide production (VCO2)
Cardiac output
Cardiometabolic risk score
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular risk score
Caregiver burden
Caregiver depression
Caregiver quality of life
Carotid augmentation index
Carotid intima-media thickness
Carotid stiffness
Caspase-3 protein level
Cataract
Cataract incidence
Cataract progression
Caudate volume
CCL24 expression
CD8 T-cell fatty acid oxidation capacity
CD8+CD28- T cells
Cellular stress defence gene expression
Centenarian status
Center of pressure postural sway
Cerebral blood flow
Cerebrovascular impedance modulus
Cerebrovascular responsiveness to hypercapnia
Chair-stand time
Change in frailty index
Chemerin
Chronic airways obstruction (COPD)
Circulating progenitor stem cells
Climacteric symptoms
Coagulation factor VII
Cognitive frailty
Cognitive impairment
Cognitive impairment no dementia
Cognitive test score
Cognitive, physical, and emotional impairment
Colonic inflammatory infiltration
Confusion (mood state)
Congestive heart failure
Contractile work
Coronary heart disease risk
Cortisol
Cough reflex sensitivity
Critical driving errors
Cutaneous carotenoid concentration
Cycling course errors
Cycling performance
Cycling time to exhaustion
Days in nursing home
Days with infection symptoms
Death without prior disability
Declarative memory
Dementia (diagnosis)
Dementia disability-adjusted life years
Dementia or death
Dementia Rating Scale score
Dementia risk
Dementia symptom severity
Dementia-specific quality of life
Dental plaque prevalence
Depression and anxiety (frailty index component)
Depression episode persistence
Depressive symptoms
Dermal collagen I to elastin aging index
Diabetes mellitus
Diaphragm mobility
Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score
Dietary variety
Digit span
Disability-adjusted life years
Disease-free years
DNA damage
DNA methylation age
DNAmGrimAge
Domain-specific cognitive function
Drug Burden Index score
Dual-task performance
Dual-task walking performance
Duration of dependency on long-term care
Dynamic balance
Dynamic Gait Index
E/e' ratio
Early age-related maculopathy
Elastic fiber fragmentation
Elastic fiber length
Electromyographic fatigue index
Electromyography amplitude (averaged rectified value)
Endothelial glycocalyx thickness (perfused boundary region)
Endothelium-dependent vasodilation
Energy expenditure
Environment (quality of life domain)
Epigenetic age acceleration
Epigenetic clock biological age
Episodic memory
Error awareness (conscious detection of errors)
Erythrocyte lipofuscin
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Erythropoietin level
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Event-related potential (ERP) component amplitude
Executive function
Exercise capacity
Exercise duration
Facial aging signs
Facial redness
Fall or fracture incidence
Fall risk
Fall-related fractures
Fall-related injuries
Falling technique performance
Falls
Falls self-efficacy
Fasting blood glucose
Fasting insulin
Fat mass change
Fat oxidation
Fat-free mass index
Fat-free mass percentage
Fatigue severity
Fatty liver severity
Fecal calprotectin
Femoral (leg) arterial blood flow during exercise
FEV1 decline rate
Fibrinogen
Flow-mediated dilation to nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation ratio (FMD-to-GTN ratio)
Fluid intelligence
Folate
Follistatin level
Follistatin to myostatin ratio
Foot collisions
Forced expiratory volume (FEV1)
Forced inspiratory volume
Forced vital capacity decline
Fracture risk
Fracture-related hospital admissions
Fractures
Fragility fractures
Frailty incidence
Frailty prevalence
Frailty recovery
Frailty score
Frailty status
Frailty trajectory
Free radical scavenging activity
Frequency of multi-step reactions
Fruit and vegetable consumption
Functional autonomy
Functional capacity
Functional decline incidence
Functional difficulty
Functional health trajectory
Functional independence
Functional reach
Functional reach and sit-and-reach test performance
Gait cadence
Gait speed
Gait swing time
Gait time
General health
Glaucoma
Glittre activities of daily living test time
Global cognitive function
Global motor coordination
Glucocorticoid sensitivity
Glucose tolerance
Glutathione
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Glycemic excursions
Gray matter volume
GrimAge acceleration
Grip strength
Growth hormone production rate
Growth hormone response
Growth hormone secretion per pulse
Haemoglobin
Handrail contact time
Hannum DNA methylation age
Hazard detection performance
Head acceleration during falls
Health literacy
Health self-management ability
Health-related quality of life
Healthy aging
Healthy aging score
Healthy aging trajectory
Healthy Eating Index
Hearing loss
Hearing threshold deterioration rate
Heart age
Heart disease
Heart rate recovery
Heart rate reserve
Heart rate variability
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)
Heel ultrasound stiffness index
Herpes zoster burden of illness
Herpes zoster incidence
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) anti-inflammatory activity and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)
Hip circumference
Hip flexion strength
Hip fracture incidence
Hip, pelvic, or upper extremity fractures
Hippocampal shape
Hippocampal subfield volume — CA4/dentate gyrus
Hippocampal volume
Homocysteine
Hope
Hospital-associated disability
Hospitalization for pneumonia
Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) level
Hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) gene expression
Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype
IL-6:IL-10 ratio
Incidence of respiratory symptoms
Incident Alzheimer's disease
Incident Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Incident cancer
Incident cancer or death
Incident cardiovascular disease
Incident chronic disease (one or more)
Incident cognitive impairment
Incident congestive heart failure
Incident delirium
Incident dementia
Incident depression
Incident diabetes
Incident disability
Incident epilepsy
Incident hypertension
Incident major depressive disorder
Incident mild cognitive impairment
Incident mild cognitive impairment or dementia
Incident sarcopenia
Incident vascular cognitive impairment
Incident vascular dementia
Incontinence prevalence
Infection rate
Infections
Inflammatory cytokines
Influenza A-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte memory
Influenza hospitalization
Influenza-specific immunoglobulin G level
Instrumental activities of daily living function
Insulin
Insulin area under the curve (AUC)
Insulin resistance / HOMA-IR
Insulin sensitivity (whole-body)
Insulin-like growth factor 1
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1
Interest in life
Interferon response factor 1 activity
Interleukin-1 alpha
Interleukin-1 beta
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist to interleukin-1 alpha ratio (IL-1ra:IL-1α ratio)
Interleukin-6
Interleukin-8 (IL-8)
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA expression
Intestinal sensitivity of fractional calcium absorption to free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
Intimacy (quality of life domain)
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Intraindividual variability in cognitive speed
Intraocular pressure
Intrinsic capacity trajectory
Intrinsic lymphocyte apoptosis
Invasive breast cancer incidence
Isokinetic knee extensor torque
Isokinetic muscle strength
Joint pain
Knee extension strength
Knee extensor power
Knee flexor strength
Knee pain (survey score)
Knowledge about memory
Knowledge of outdoor fall risk
Language and semantic memory
Language performance
Laser-induced microcolumn density
LC3A expression
Lean mass
Learning errors (repeated acquisition task)
Learning performance
Left atrial volume
Left ventricular compliance
Leg and trunk flexion strength
Leg press strength
Leg vascular conductance
Leg venous compliance
Libido
Life expectancy
Lifespan
Lipid peroxidation
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein
Loneliness
Low back pain
Lower body strength and endurance
Lower-limb weight distribution asymmetry
Lung cancer incidence
Lymphocyte interleukin-2 production
Macular pigment
Major cardiovascular event or all-cause mortality
Major cardiovascular events
Major hemorrhage
Major mobility disability event
Major mobility disability or death
Major osteoporotic fracture incidence
Malnutrition
Malondialdehyde
Masticatory muscle asymmetry (left–right)
Matrix reasoning performance
Maximal expiratory pressure
Maximal inspiratory pressure
Maximal voluntary contraction
Maximal walking speed
Maximum body temperature
Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV)
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Medically treated falls
Memory performance
Memory self-efficacy
Memory strategy acquisition and use
Mental fatigue
Mental health (self-reported)
Mental quality of life
Metabolic syndrome severity
Microvascular blood flow
Mindfulness
Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form (MNA-SF) score
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) total score
Mini-Mental State Examination
Minimum chair height
Mixed Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia
Mobility decline rate
Mobility participation
Mobility-related disability
Monocyte interleukin-10 production
Monocyte interleukin-6 production
Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Mood
Motor decline rate
Motor learning performance
Motor speed
Motor unit number index
Motoric Cognitive Risk syndrome
Motoric Cognitive Risk syndrome incidence
Muscle cross-sectional area
Muscle density
Muscle endurance
Muscle fat infiltration
Muscle fiber cross-sectional area
Muscle microvascular blood flow response
Muscle power
Muscle protein synthesis
Muscle quality
Muscle satellite cell content
Muscle thickness
Muscle torque
Muscular strength
Musculoskeletal health
Musculotendinous stiffness
Myeloperoxidase expression
Myocardial blood flow
Myocardial phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio (PCr/ATP)
Myonuclear content
Naive-like CD8 T cells
National Adult Reading Test performance
Natural killer cell activity
Natural killer cell proportion
Negative affect
Net protein balance
Neuromuscular performance
Neurovascular coupling response
Neutralizing and binding antibody titers
NF-κB p65 (RELA) gene expression
Night awakenings
Nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Non-Alzheimer dementia
Non-spine fracture
Nonfatal cardiovascular events
Nuclear cataract
Nuclear cataract incidence
Nuclear cataract prevalence
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity
Number of health conditions
Nursing home admission
Obesity status
Object-location binding memory
Occiput-to-wall distance
On-road driving performance
One-legged stance time
One-minute sit-to-stand test
Oral hypofunction
Orthostatic (postural) hypotension prevalence
Osteocalcin
Osteoporosis
Osteosarcopenic obesity score
Oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers
Oxidative stress markers
Oxygen consumption (VO2)
P16INK4A expression
P3b latency
Pace of aging (DNA methylation)
Pain, depression, and fatigue symptom cluster
Paired associate learning errors
Paired associate learning score
Parasympathetic nervous system activity
Parathyroid hormone
Peak inspiratory flow rate
Peak power
Peak sit-to-stand velocity
Peak torque
Perceived burdensomeness
Perceived energy
Perceived exertion
Perceived general foot health
Perceived risk of falling
Perceived stress
Peripheral augmentation index
Personal growth
Phase angle
PhenoAge (DNA methylation)
Phenotypic aging (body composition domain)
Phenotypic aging (energetics domain)
Phenotypic aging (homeostatic mechanisms domain)
Phenylalanine net balance
Phonological mean length of utterance
Physical disability
Physical fitness
Physical frailty and cardiac aging phenotype
Physical function (test battery)
Physical functioning (self-rated)
Physical health (self-reported)
Physical performance decline
Physical quality of life
Picture arrangement test performance
Plantar cutaneous sensitivity
Plantar flexor strength
Plasma acylcarnitines
Plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
Plasma F2-isoprostanes
Plasma lactate concentration
Plasma nitrate/nitrite
Plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein
Plasma pentraxin 3 concentration
Plasma uric acid
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
Pneumococcal antibody response
Pneumonia
Poor visual acuity prevalence
Positive affect
Positive aspects of caregiving
Posterior subcapsular cataract incidence
Postherpetic neuralgia incidence
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Pre-frailty incidence
Pre-frailty status
Prefrontal cortex activation
Presbylarynx
Probability of Adequate Nutrient Intake (PANDiet) score
Probing pocket depth progression
Processing speed
Procollagen type-1 amino-terminal propeptide
Proportion of whole-word correctness
Prostacyclin level
Prostaglandin E2 synthesis
Protein intake
Psychological well-being
Pulmonary function
Pulse pressure
Pulse rate
Pulse wave velocity
Purdue Pegboard Test
Pure-tone hearing threshold
Purpose in life
Quadriceps femoris cross-sectional area
Quadriceps femoris cross-sectional area with elevated T2 signal
Quadriceps twitch torque
Quality of life
Quality-adjusted life years
Quantitative Drug Index score
Radius cross-sectional area
Rate of decline in peak oxygen uptake (VO2max)
Rate of force development
Rate of memory decline
Reaction time
Reactive oxygen species
Reasoning performance
Recovery from sarcopenia
Recovery of ability to walk 400 m
Rectus femoris muscle cross-sectional area
Reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratio
Reflex onset latency
Regional brain volume
Relationship satisfaction
Respiratory infections
Rest-activity rhythm stability
Retinal arterial diameter
Reward learning (probabilistic reward task)
Right ventricular ejection rate
Right ventricular peak filling rate
Role limitations due to physical health
Running performance
Safe strategy use
Sarcopenia-specific quality of life score
Seizure-related fractures
Self-efficacy
Self-esteem
Self-rated health deterioration
Senescent cell burden
Senescent T helper cells
Sense of coherence
Sepsis incidence
Serum free light chains (kappa and lambda)
Serum galectin-9
Serum growth hormone level
Serum potassium concentration
Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b
Serum zonulin
Short Physical Performance Battery
Short telomeres
Shuttle walking test distance
Simulated driving performance
SIRT1 expression
Sit-to-stand time
Skeletal muscle mass
Skin autofluorescence
Skin elasticity
Skin hydration
Skin hydration (stratum corneum moisture)
Skin pigmentation/erythema
Skin test antigen reactivity
Skin thickness
Sleep fragmentation
Sleep hygiene behaviors
Sleep quality
Social care-related quality of life
Social functioning
Social network
Soluble CD36
Somatic symptoms
Spexin level
Spiritual well-being
Stair-ascent time
Step errors
Step height
Step length
Step test performance
Step time and double support time
Stepping initiation timing
Steps per day
Stochastic epigenetic mutations
Stress-induced blood pressure reactivity
Stride length
Stride variability
Stroke mortality
Stroke volume
Sub-epidermal low echogenic band thickness
Subcutaneous fat thickness
Subjective cognitive complaints
Subjective memory complaints
Submaximal exercise heart rate
Substance use
Successful aging score
Successful cognitive aging
Super-senior status
Superoxide dismutase 2 mRNA level
Superoxide dismutase activity
Survival time
Sustained attention and working memory performance
Swimming performance
Symbol Digit Modalities Test
Sympathetic nervous system activity
Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Systemic arterial compliance
Systemic inflammation
Systemic vascular resistance (total peripheral resistance)
Systolic blood pressure
Tactile spatial acuity
Task execution
Task failures
Task switching
Task-related brain activation during processing speed
TBARS
Telomerase activity
Telomere attrition rate
Telomere length
Temporal information processing
Testosterone
Thigh muscle strength
Thioredoxin reductase mRNA level
Tibial cortical thickness
Time to exhaustion (constant-load submaximal test)
Time to exhaustion (incremental test)
Time to sit up
Timed Up and Go test steps
Timed Up and Go time
Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (gait and balance)
Tiredness/dizziness
Toe flexor strength
Tongue pressure
Tooth loss
Total antioxidant capacity
Total cardiovascular events
Total cholesterol
Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Total cholesterol:HDL ratio
Total fat mass
Total invasive cancer incidence
Total sulfhydryl (thiol) groups
Trail Making B minus A
Trail Making Test B time
Trail Making Test B/A ratio
Transfer ability
Transforming growth factor beta
Transient ischemic attack
Treadmill time to exhaustion
Triathlon completion time
Triglycerides
Trunk extensor and leg press strength
Trunk extensor strength
Trunk fat
Trunk strength
Trunk-to-leg fat mass ratio
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)
Ultraviolet-induced apoptosis
Upper leg muscle mass
Upper-limb functional performance
Upper-limb muscle power
Upper-limb strength
Urinary hydroxyproline excretion
Urinary leakage amount
Useful Field of View
Valsalva ratio
Varicella-zoster virus-specific T-cell response (spot-forming cells)
Vascular age
Vascular age–chronological age discrepancy
Vascular health index
Vasodilator response
Ventricular function
Verbal fluency
Verbal fluency and memory performance
Verbal memory
Verbal reasoning performance
Vertebral fracture
Vertebral height loss
Vertical jump height
Views of aging
Vigour
Visceral fat area
Visual impairment
Visual memory (visual recall)
Visuospatial and executive function performance
Visuospatial memory
Vital capacity
Vitamin B12
Vocabulary performance
Vocal function
Vowel change errors (speech/phonemic production errors)
Waist circumference
Waist-to-height ratio
Wake after sleep onset
Walking performance
Well-being
White matter integrity
Whole-body fat percentage
Whole-body protein synthesis rate
Word recognition
Word retrieval performance
Worry about developing dementia
Wrinkle firmness
Wrinkle severity score
Wrinkles
Wrist fracture
Years of life
Years of potential life lost
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Supporting studies
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